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CaO2对城市污水处理中剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸性能与生物酶活性的影响

作者: 浏览数: 关键词: 污泥 酸性 污水处理 发酵 能与


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摘要:将CaO2添加至城市污水处理剩余污泥厌氧发酵系统中,研究CaO2添加量对剩余污泥水解酸化和厌氧发酵性能的影响,结果表明:CaO2的添加能够促进污泥溶液化和分解,提高污泥水解性能,发酵系统中的蛋白质和多糖质量浓度随着CaO2添加量的增加而增大;适当添加CaO2能够促进污泥厌氧发酵产酸,且产酸过程具有延迟性,也能促进蛋白酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和脱氢酶的活性,但会严重抑制碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性;随着CaO2添加量的增加,NH4+-N释放量先增大后降低,而PO43--P释放量则呈降低趋势.从机理角度分析,CaO2溶于水后生成OH-,O2-,H2O2等强氧化物质,能够有效破坏微生物细胞壁,强化污泥水解,OH-形成的碱性环境可抑制产甲烷菌的活性,降低SCFAs的消耗,OH-,Ca2+与发酵系统中的NH4+-N和PO43--P形成鸟粪石沉淀,有利于氮和磷物质的有效回收.

Abstract:The different dose CaO2 was added into the waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation system which studied the effect of CaO2 on the WAS anaerobic fermentation performance.The results showed that CaO2 could enhance the WAS solubilization and sludge decomposition,and increase the WAS hydrolysis performance,the mass concentration of protein and polysaccharide increased with the CaO2 addition.At the same time,appropriate concentration of CaO2 could promote sludge anaerobic fermentation to produce acid and it was delayed,and also could

promote the activity of protease,α"glucosidase and dehydrogenase,but suppressed alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase.The release amountof NH4+|N increased first then declinedwith the increase of CaO2 addition,but the release amount of PO43-|P declined with the increase of CaO2 addition.From the analysis of mechanism perspective,CaO2 dissolved in water to form strong oxidizing substances such as OH-, O2-, H2O2, which could effectively destroy the microbial cell wall and strengthen the hydrolysis of sludge. The alkaline environment formed by OH- inhibited the activity of methanogens and reduced the consumption of SCFAs, a struvite precipitate was formed by the action of OH- and Ca2+with NH4+|N and PO43-|P in the fermentation system, which was beneficial to the effective recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus substances.

關键词:剩余污泥;厌氧发酵;CaO2;水解酸化;短链脂肪酸;生物酶活性

Key words:waste activated sludge;anaerobic fermentation;Calcium peroxide;hydrolytic acidification;short volatile fatty acids;biological enzyme activity

中图分类号:X703 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2019.04.010

文章编号:2096-1553(2019)04-0064-10

0 引言

目前,活性污泥法是应用最广泛的污水处理方法,具有处理效果好、成本低等特点.然而运用活性污泥法处理城市污水会产生大量副产物——剩余污泥,其处理问题成为当前污水处理工作面临的新挑战.据统计,至2017年,我国城市污泥年产生量约为7000万吨,而且污水处理厂约60%的运行费用于污泥处理[1].污泥中含有丰富的有机资源(如蛋白质、糖类、脂类等)和无机资源(如氮、磷等),可回收利用,但其中还含有大量的病菌、病毒等微生物,如果不能妥善处理,将造成环境污染,严重影响环境安全.

污泥厌氧发酵是目前高效且低成本的一种污泥处理技术,其处理过程分为水解、酸化和产甲烷3个阶段:污泥水解将微生物体内蛋白质和多糖释放至发酵系统,水解酶能够将蛋白质和多糖分解成氨基酸、单糖等小分子物质;酸化菌则利用水解产物生成可挥发性短链脂肪酸(SCFAs);产甲烷菌再利用SCFAs生成甲烷.污泥水解是污泥厌氧发酵的关键步骤,而产生于酸化阶段的SCFAs是污水生物处理过程的优质碳源[2],SCFAs中的乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸等也是重要的工业生产原料,因此污泥厌氧发酵产酸研究受到了广泛关注.研究发现,在NaOH,KOH,Ca(OH)2等碱性条件下,产甲烷菌活性受到抑制,水解酸化菌将污泥中大部分有机物转化为SCFAs,蛋白质,多糖等,其中Ca(OH)2型发酵系统中乙酸含量最高[3].刘常青等[4]发现,用Ca(OH)2,CaCl2等联合热水解法预处理污泥有助于有机物的溶出.由此可见,钙制品化学药剂对于污泥厌氧发酵有较好的促进作用,但是经Ca(OH)2处理的发酵污泥中仍含有大量的有机物未提取、未利用.

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