施用不同肥料对扦插紫花山奈生长和光合作用的影响

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摘 要 以紫花山奈（Kaempferia elegans）的带叶根茎为扦插材料，研究了1种固体有机肥、3种水溶性复合肥，固体有机肥和水溶性复合肥组合施用对盆栽扦插紫花山奈植株生长、叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，施肥3个月后，固体有机肥和水溶性复合肥组合施用显著提高盆栽扦插紫花山奈的生长速率，其鲜干重、单叶面积、株高、株幅、主芽基茎、蘖芽数和叶绿素含量均较清水、单独施用水溶性复合肥或固体有机肥的植株对应指标显著升高。与清水相比，施用不同肥料的植株叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率都显著升高，而蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著下降；施用不同肥料的植株之间，T9处理的叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率最高，而蒸腾速率和气孔导度最低。本研究为紫花山奈的盆栽扦插繁殖和施肥管理提供参考。

关键词 紫花山奈 ；肥料 ；盆栽扦插 ；生长 ；光合作用

中图分类号 R574.2 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.11.002

Effects of Different Fertilizers on the Growth and Photosynthesis

of Kaempferia elegans Cuttage in Potted Cultivation

LI Dongmei ZHAO Chaoyi LIU Xiaofei

（Environmental Horticulture Research Institute， Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，

Guangzhou， Guangdong 510640）

Abstrcat By the rhizomes of Kaempferia elegans with leaves as materials， this paper reported the effects of one organic fertilizer （N-P2O5-K2O 1.6-2.0-2.7）， three water-soluble compound fertilzers （20-20-20， 12-11-18， and 10-20-30 in N-P2O5-K2O， respectively） and their combinations application on the growth， net photosynthetic rate， stomata conductance， transpiration rate and water use efficiency of potted K. elegans cuttage. The results showed that after three months， organic fertilizerand and water-soluble compound fertilzers significantly increased the growth rate of potted K. elegans cottage. The fresh weight and dry weight， simple leaf areas， plant height， leaf spread， main stem diameters， tiller buds and chlorophyll contents of these combinations were higher than those potted plants applied by single fresh water， one organic fertilizer and one compound fertilzer， respectively. Compared with the fresh water treatment， the leaf net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were significantly increased， but the transpiration rate and stomata conductance decreased significantly with different fertilizer treatments. Among various fertilizer treatments， the leaf net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of T9 treatment was the highest， but the transpiration rate and stomata conductance of T9 treatment was the lowest. This study provided a reference for the potted propagation and fertilization management of K. elegans cuttage.

Keywords Kaempferia elegans ； fertilizer ； potted cuttage ； growth ； photosynthesis

姜科（Zingiberaceae）植物一般通過播种、切分根茎、茎杆扦插和组织培养等方法繁殖[1-14]。紫花山奈（Kaempferia elegans），又名美山奈，属于姜科山奈属（Kaempferia）植物，产自四川，植株低矮，根茎匍匐，不呈块状，须根细长，不耐霜冻，冬季地上部分枯死[15]，叶卵形或椭圆形，叶面绿色，具深色羽状彩纹，花紫色，唇瓣2深裂至基部，花期6～10月，具有极高的观赏价值，是一种适合夏秋季节布置花坛的绿化植物及盆栽观赏植物[1-2，15-17]。由于紫花山奈不结果，故不能进行播种繁殖；没有茎杆，也不能用茎杆扦插繁殖；切分根茎分株繁殖对母株损伤很大，加之母本量不足，短期内难以得到大量植株；而组织培养存在外植体灭菌困难问题。因而目前紫花山奈繁殖方面的研究报道不多。