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右美托咪定预处理对全麻诱导期老年患者双腔气管插管血流动力学的影响

作者: 浏览数: 关键词: 全麻 预处理 动力学 血流 诱导

【摘要】 目的:观察中等剂量右美托咪定(Dex)对行双腔气管插管单肺通气老年手术患者全麻诱导期麻醉深度指数和血流动力学的影响。方法:选择拟行术中单肺通气双腔气管插管老年手术患者40例,年龄60~75岁,随机数字表法分为D组(右美托咪定)和C组(对照),每组20例。D组麻醉诱导10 min前静脉泵注右美托咪定

【关键词】 右美托咪定; 全麻诱导期; 老年患者; 双腔气管插管; 血流动力学

Effects of Hemodynamics on Dexmedetomidine Pretreatment for Older Patients Undergoing Double Lumen Endotracheal Intubation in General Anesthetic Induction Period/FANG Jun, WANG Sheng-bin.//Medical Innovation of China,2014,11(16):041-044

【Abstract】 Objective: To observe effects of hemodynamics on Dexmedetomidine pretreatment for thoracic surgery in older individuals via double lumen endotracheal intubation in General anesthetic induction period. Method: Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients with thoracic surgery were randomly divided into two groups: Group C (control group, n=20) and Group D (dexmedetomidine group D, n=20). In the group D, Dexmedetomidine was intravenously administered at 0.5 μg/kg for ten minutes. The patients in Group C were stated on 0.9% normal saline infusion at an equivalent rate. Drug induced using midazolam 0.02 mg/kg, fentanyl 4 μg/kg, vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg. Changes of cerebral state index (CSI), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored before injection(T0), after injection at 2 minutes (T1), 4 minutes (T2), 6 minutes (T3), 8 minutes (T4), 10 minutes (T5), before intubation (T6), immediately after intubation (T7). Result: The CSI in Group D of T4(65.4±10.4), T5(60.3±7.9), T6(46.1±4.7) gradually decreased compared with the T0(96.5±4.0)(P<0.05), and was significantly less than that of Group C (P<0.05), the HR in Group D of T5, T6 significantly decreased compared with the T0(P<0.05). DBP, MAP, HR of T7 in Group C were higher than those of T6(P<0.05) during anesthetic induction. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine pretreatment at 0.5 μg/kg for ten minutes has obvious sedative effect for elderly patients, not only can make CSI decreased, but also can reduce the cardiovascular stress responses during double lumen endotracheal intubation.

【Key words】 Dexmedetomidine; Induction of general anesthesia; General patient; Double lumen endotracheal tube; Hemodynamics

First-author’s address: Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 246003, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.16.013

单肺通气的手术患者常选择双腔气管插管,由于双腔气管导管管径粗大,加上需对导管精确定位时间相对较长,尤其是对老年患者的气管刺激较强,导致患者血流动力学波动大,因此需要在全麻诱导期对老年手术患者提供足够的麻醉深度和维持平稳的血流动力学。本研究旨在观察中等剂量右美托咪定(Dex)预给药对60~75岁老年患者双腔气管插管操作前后麻醉深度指数(CSI)和全麻诱导期间血流动力学的影响,为临床提供参考。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

本研究中D组HR在T4、T5时点比基础值(T0)降低,HR作为心肌氧供需平衡的主要因素之一,在一定程度上HR下降有助于降低心肌氧耗,尤其对于老年伴有冠心病患者的心肌保护有明显的益处。Ibacache[9]研究发现,右美托咪定预处理通过激活α-2肾上腺素能受体,激活促生存激酶,通过细胞外调节蛋白激酶,蛋白激酶B和内皮型一氧化氮合酶通路产生心肌保护作用;Biccard等[10]通过进一步研究表明,接受α-2肾上腺素受体激动剂治疗的患者,无论是整体死亡率还是心肌梗死的风险,都明显降低。值得注意的是,近来有研究显示右美托咪啶用于伴有左心室功能受损和心脏传导阻滞的患者可发生不可控制的低血压和心动过缓[11-12]。

综上所述,右美托咪定麻醉诱导前预处理(0.5 μg/kg),可以对单肺通气老年手术患者麻醉诱导前产生安全有效镇静催眠作用,同时有效降低双腔气管插管对患者的应激反应,有助于维持麻醉诱导期间的血流动力学稳定,也可能对老年患者具有一定的心肌保护作用;但也应警惕右美托咪定应用时可能发生偶发的不可控制的心动过缓和严重低血压。

参考文献

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(收稿日期:2014-04-14) (本文编辑:王宇)

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