郴州市大气PM2.5中无机元素污染特征及来源分析

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摘   要：利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定了郴州市PM2.5中无机元素的质量浓度，并通过元素的富集特征和主成分解析了它们的来源. 结果表明，研究区域在春、夏、秋、冬四个季节PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为28.7、30.7、41.4和58.1 μg·m-3，无机元素的平均占比为15.63%，其中Al、Fe、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Mn、As、Si和Ti占无机元素总量的90.6%. 富集因子分析结果表明，Cd、Ag、Bi、Sb、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni和V主要来自于人为污染，特别是有色金属元素的富集程度较高，这与郴州市是著名的有色金属之乡，有色金属开采及冶炼发达是相关的. 主成分分析结果说明郴州市PM2.5中无机元素主要来源于煤和石油的燃烧、汽车尾气排放、有色金属的冶炼以及土壤扬尘.

关键词：PM2.5;无机元素;富集因子;主成分分析;郴州

中图分类号：X513                                文献标志码：A

Characteristics and Sources of Inorganic Elements

in Atmospheric PM2.5 at Chenzhou City

YANG Qi1，FU Zhiyan1，2，LIU Zhan2，LUO Datong2，LI Jing1，CHEN Chongyu1，2，

LI Xiaoming1，ZENG Guangming1

（1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China;

2. Hunan Provincial Academy of Environmental Protection Sciences，Changsha 410004，China）

Abstract： In this study， the mass concentrations of inorganic elements in PM2.5 of Chenzhou city were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS），and their sources were analyzed by the eichment factor and principal component analysis. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM2.5 in the study area were 28.7 μg·m-3，30.7 μg·m-3，41.4 μg·m-3 and 58.1 μg·m-3 in the spring， summer， autumn and winter， respectively. The average proportion of inorganic elements was 15.63% of PM2.5，of which Al，Fe，Zn，Cu， Pb，Cr，Mn，As，Si and Ti accounted for 90.6% of the total amount of inorganic elements. The eichment factor analysis showed that Cd，Ag，Bi，Sb，As，Cu，Pb，Zn，Cr，Ni and V were mainly originated from anthropogenic factor. Particularly，the eichment degree of non-ferrous metals was higher， which was related to the fact that Chenzhou is a famous town of non-ferrous metals， and the exploitation and smelting of non-ferrous metals are well developed. Principal component analysis showed that the inorganic elements in PM2.5 of Chenzhou city were mainly derived from the combustion of coal and petroleum， automobile exhaust emissions， smelting of non-ferrous metals and soil dust.

Key words： PM2.5;inorganic elements;eichment factor;principal component analysis;Chenzhou

大氣细颗粒物（PM2.5）是长期或者短期暴露于空气中且空气动力学粒径小于2.5 μm的细颗粒物，对环境的影响非常显著，近年来已经成为社会和公众关注的焦点[1]. 研究表明，PM2.5能够吸附空气中的有毒有害物质，因此对生态环境和人体健康会产生潜在危害[2];大量的研究表明PM2.5的主要化学组分包括可溶性离子、无机元素和含碳物质[3]. 其中，无机元素是大气细颗粒物的重要组成成分之一，它的来源主要有人为排放源（汽车尾气、化石燃料的燃烧和金属的冶炼等等）和地壳来源（土壤风沙）[4-5].