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中国古代佛教绣品中的文字研究

作者: 浏览数: 关键词: 佛教 绣品 中国古代 文字 研究


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摘要: 针对中国古代佛教绣品中文字变化的问题,采用文献研究法和文物考古法,从刺绣工艺与宗教文化的角度,对中国古代佛教绣品中文字的变化进行了梳理和分析。研究表明:中国古代佛教绣品中文字的发展可分为文字发愿、经文崇拜、文字装饰三个阶段。文字发愿阶段主要指南北朝至唐代前期,刺绣文字在绣品中主要起到发愿文的作用;经文崇拜阶段为唐代中期至元代,刺绣经文成为佛教绣品的主体,佛像只作为经文卷首或卷尾的装饰册页,起到装饰或点题的作用;文字装饰阶段大概是明清时期,伴随着顾绣的产生与发展,佛教绣品越来越艺术化,刺绣佛像成为绣品的主体,而文字则起到装饰作用。

关键词: 佛像;佛经;刺绣;文字;顾绣

中图分类号: TS935.1;K876.9文献标志码: B文章编号: 10017003(2017)10008407引用页码: 101303

The study on text pattern on ancient Chinese Buddhist embroidery

LIU Anding1a,2, YE Hongguang1b, FANG Xiaojing2

(1a.Library; 1b.School of Fashion, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; 2.The Research Center of

Intangible Cultural Heritage of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430073, China)

Abstract: For text change problem in ancient Chinese Buddhist embroidery works, the method of literature research and cultural archeology were applied to sort and analyze the change of text in ancient Chinese Buddhist embroidery from the aspect of religious culture and embroidery technology. Based on our research, the development of text embroidery patterns on ancient Chinese Buddhist embroidery works can be divided into three stages: written vow, the worship of Buddhist scripture and text decoration. The stage of written vow mainly refers to the period from the Northern and Southern dynasties to the early stage of Tang dynasty. The text in embroidery played the part of written vow in embroideries. The stage of the worship of Buddhist scripture mainly refers to the period from the middle stage of Tang dynasty to Yuan dynasty. In this period of time, Buddhist scripture embroidery became the main part of Buddhist embroidery. Buddha was just deemed as the cover of Buddhist scripture or the decoration pages in the end of Buddhist scripture, and played the role of decoration and highlighting the theme. The stage of text decoration is probably in Ming and Qing dynasty. With the generation and development of Gu embroidery, the Buddhist embroidery becomes more and more artistic, and Buddha embroidery becomes the main part of embroidery and the texts are used for decoration.

Key words: Buddha image; Buddhist sutra; embroidery; text pattern; Gu embroidery

同時,中国的刺绣艺术也异常发达,历史上曾出现过蜀绣、苏绣、湘绣、粤绣四大名绣。佛教与刺绣的融合是刺绣艺术发展的必然趋势,它不仅反映了佛教对中国古人生活各个方面的深刻影响,还体现了其强烈的宗教情怀。在中国古代佛教绣品中存在着大量文字,其中不仅有大量发愿文、经文,还有绣款、绣印等文字。因此,对中国古代宗教刺绣作品中的文字进行系统研究,非常有学术价值。一方面,从刺绣工艺上看,可以研究古人的刺绣技艺和绣品作者,对于界定古代佛教绣品的年代具有重要的现实意义;另一方面,从佛教文化上看,它还能反映中国古代社会不同时期佛教崇拜心理和行为模式。根据文字在佛像佛经中的作用,笔者认为,中国古代佛教绣品中的文字的发展可分为文字发愿、经文崇拜、文字装饰三个阶段。

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